Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Sympathetic nerve aggravates autoimmune skin disease via NE–adrenergic receptor axis: Neuroimmune cross-talk insights from vitiligo

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea7017

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A and B ) Flow cytometry and statistical analysis of CD8 + CD45 + T cells in the mouse tail epidermis and dermis of vehicle, 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA + NE groups ( n =3 per group). ( C and D ) Flow cytometry and statistical analysis of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells in the mouse tail epidermis and dermis of vehicle, 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA + NE groups ( n =3 per group). ( E and F ) Flow cytometry and statistical analysis of Granzyme B + CD8 + T cells in the mouse tail epidermis and dermis of vehicle, 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA + NE groups ( n =3 per group). ( G ) The secretion levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-15 in the tail skin of mice in the vehicle, 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA + NE groups were detected by ELISA ( n =4 per group). All vehicle mice were only treated with 0.1% ascorbic acid in 0.9% sterile NaCl. Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA analysis on serum samples, skin samples, and cell culture supernatants were performed using the NE ELISA Kit (E-EL-0047c, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Human CXCL9 ELISA Kit (EHC114.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human CXCL10 ELISA Kit (EHC157.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-6 ELISA Kit (EHC007.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-15 ELISA Kit (EHC013.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Mouse CXCL9 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M3077, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse CXCL10 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0021, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (EMC004.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), and Mouse IL-15 ELISA Kit (EMC126.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Sterility

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Sympathetic nerve aggravates autoimmune skin disease via NE–adrenergic receptor axis: Neuroimmune cross-talk insights from vitiligo

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea7017

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Volcano plots illustrated the expression of adrenergic receptors on fibroblasts in human skin, including ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3. ( B ) Bubble map illustrated the up-regulation of ADRA2A expression on fibroblasts in the lesional skin of patients with vitiligo and the normal skin of healthy controls. ( C ) Representative immunofluorescence images of fibroblasts, ADRA2A, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CD8 + T cells from the normal skin of the healthy control and the lesional skin of the patient with vitiligo ( n =3 per group). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm. ( D ) Immunofluorescence analysis of ADRA2A (red) expression in BJ cells after treatment with 5 μM NE for 48 hours. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 50 μm. ( E ) Secretion levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-15 in BJ cells were detected by ELISA with treatment with aposcopolamine (Apos) or NE ( n =3 per group). ( F ) Secretion levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-15 in BJ cells with ADRA2A siRNA or control siRNA were detected by ELISA ( n =3 per group). Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: ELISA analysis on serum samples, skin samples, and cell culture supernatants were performed using the NE ELISA Kit (E-EL-0047c, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Human CXCL9 ELISA Kit (EHC114.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human CXCL10 ELISA Kit (EHC157.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-6 ELISA Kit (EHC007.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-15 ELISA Kit (EHC013.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Mouse CXCL9 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M3077, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse CXCL10 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0021, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (EMC004.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), and Mouse IL-15 ELISA Kit (EMC126.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Control, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Sympathetic nerve aggravates autoimmune skin disease via NE–adrenergic receptor axis: Neuroimmune cross-talk insights from vitiligo

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea7017

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Volcano plots illustrated the expression of adrenergic receptors on keratinocytes in human skin, including ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3. ( B ) Bubble map illustrated the up-regulation of ADRB2 expression on keratinocytes in the lesional skin of patients with vitiligo and the normal skin of healthy controls. ( C ) Representative immunofluorescence images of keratinocytes, ADRB2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CD8 + T cells from the normal skin of the healthy control and the lesional skin of the patient with vitiligo ( n =3 per group). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm. ( D ) Immunofluorescence analysis of ADRB2 (red) expression in keratinocytes after treatment with 5 μM NE for 48 hours. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 50 μm. ( E ) Secretion levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-15 in keratinocytes were detected by ELISA with treatment with NE or ICI ( n =3 per group). ( F ) Secretion levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-15 in keratinocytes with ADRB2 siRNA or control siRNA were detected by ELISA ( n =3 per group). Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: ELISA analysis on serum samples, skin samples, and cell culture supernatants were performed using the NE ELISA Kit (E-EL-0047c, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Human CXCL9 ELISA Kit (EHC114.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human CXCL10 ELISA Kit (EHC157.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-6 ELISA Kit (EHC007.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Human IL-15 ELISA Kit (EHC013.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), Mouse CXCL9 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M3077, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse CXCL10 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0021, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (EMC004.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China), and Mouse IL-15 ELISA Kit (EMC126.96, Neobioscience Technology Co, Ltd., China) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Control, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Induction of CXCL10-Mediated Cell Migration by Different Types of Galectins

doi: 10.3390/cells10020274

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectins induce CXCL10 in a cell type-specific manner. ( A ) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of recombinant human galectins (rhGal) stained with Coomassie Blue. Molecular weights of protein standards are indicated on the left. The hemagglutination assay was performed using serial two-fold dilutions of the recombinant protein. The bottom row contains protein incubated with β-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding. ( B ) Cultures of human corneal fibroblasts, human corneal epithelial cells, THP-1 monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with 50 µg/mL rhGal-1, -3 and -8 or 50 µg/mL IFN-γ. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the levels of CXCL10 mRNA after 6 h of incubation ( n = 3 independent experiments), whereas ELISA was used to determine the levels of CXCL10 protein in cell culture supernatants after 24 h of incubation ( n = 6 independent experiments). The data represent the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: A mouse monoclonal antibody against CXCL10 (1.2 μg/mL; MAB266, R&D Systems) was added to the lower compartment of the chamber in neutralization studies.

Techniques: Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Recombinant, Staining, Hemagglutination Assay, Incubation, Binding Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Induction of CXCL10-Mediated Cell Migration by Different Types of Galectins

doi: 10.3390/cells10020274

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectins differentially dictate fibroblast-dependent immune cell chemotaxis. ( A ) Recombinant human galectin (rhGal)-1, -3 and -8 were incubated with fibroblasts for 24 h. The conditioned media were pre-cleared with β-lactose Sepharose beads three times to remove galectins prior to chemotaxis assays. The presence of galectins in pre-cleared conditioned media was evaluated by immunoblotting. ( B ) Quantification by flow cytometry of the migration of CFSE-labeled THP-1 and Jurkat cells to conditioned media from fibroblasts treated for 24 h with increasing concentrations of recombinant galectins or BSA ( n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate). ( C ) Migration of CFSE-labeled THP-1 and Jurkat cells to conditioned media from fibroblasts treated for 24 h with 50 μg/mL of recombinant galectins or BSA. A CXCL10 neutralizing antibody was added to the conditioned media in neutralization studies ( n = 4–5 independent experiments in duplicate). The data in ( B ) represent the mean ± SEM. The box and whisker plots show the 25 and 75 percentiles (box), the median, and the minimum and maximum data values (whiskers). Significance was determined using Student’s t test. ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: A mouse monoclonal antibody against CXCL10 (1.2 μg/mL; MAB266, R&D Systems) was added to the lower compartment of the chamber in neutralization studies.

Techniques: Chemotaxis Assay, Recombinant, Incubation, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Labeling, Neutralization, Whisker Assay